The Earth was the hottest this year... the first collapse of the '1.5℃ Maginot Line' is expected.

This year is expected to be the hottest year in the history of global observation.

In particular, the global average temperature rise is expected to exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius for the first time in history compared to pre-industrial times.

1.5 degrees is the Maginot Line established by the international community in the 2015 Paris Climate Change Convention (COP21) to prevent climate catastrophe.

The European Union, EU Climate Change Monitoring Organization Copernicus Climate Change Research Institute (C3S) announced the observation on the 7th local time.

The Copernicus Institute said this is certain to be the hottest year in history unless the average global temperature from January to October is too high and abnormal temperatures near zero for the rest of the year.

It also emphasized that the average temperature increase compared to pre-industrial times is expected to reach more than 1.55 degrees, raising concerns that the 1.5-degree Maginot Line set by the Paris Climate Agreement will collapse for the first time ever.

Due to the continued global warming, the average temperature increase was already 1.48 degrees last year, close to the Maginot line.

The institute said that it is difficult to regard this year's figures alone as failing to achieve the climate agreement goal because the 1.5-degree target is a long-term average, but noted that it is worrisome that warming continues.

As a result, there are growing calls for countries around the world to agree on more decisive measures at the 29th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP29) scheduled for next week.

Carlo Buon-Tempo, director of the Copernicus Institute, said other factors such as El Niño, volcanic eruptions, and solar energy changes also affected the unusually high temperatures last year and this year, but explained that long-term temperature increases are a bad sign.

Experts also raised concerns about the current global warming trend.Michael Mann, a meteorologist at the University of Pennsylvania,

, said it would be difficult to say that crossing the 1.5-degree mark this year has crossed the overall trend line of global warming, but he feared that without concerted efforts, the Maginot Line would soon collapse.

Natalie Mahowold, chair of Cornell University's Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, warned, "The heat waves, storms and droughts we are experiencing now will be just the tip of the iceberg," reminding us that the 1.5-degree target is set to prevent the worst effects of climate change.

"The very strong El Niño phenomenon gives us a glimpse of what the 'new normal' will look like in the next 10 years," said Zique Hausfather, a climatologist at the nonprofit Berkeley Earth.

"The pace of climate action around the world is so slow that the limits set in the Paris Convention have begun to fall," said Sonia Senneviratne, a climatologist at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, and called for governments to agree on strong measures to move away from fossil fuels at COP29.

Meanwhile, the Associated Press and other foreign media pointed out that COP29 could also be hit by former U.S. President Donald Trump's return to power, who has denied the climate crisis theory.

While many political leaders, including European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and French President Emmanuel Macron, have already notified them of their absence from COP29, which will be held from the 11th, it is predicted that it will not be easy to agree on major agendas without the participation of the United States.